Our decisions about which essays to publish aren't governed by a need for editorial
variety alone. Among other things, we look for timeliness, ingenuity, strength of
argument, freshness of opinion, clear writing, and newsworthiness.
The Weekly Standard of February 16 contrasted this Feb. 1, 2004 op-ed with that of
February 3, just two days later, when the Times published an op-ed by
astrologer, Erin Sullivan on how to use
astrology to analyze the Democratic presidential candidates. An example of her style
follows.
John Kerry, born on Dec. 11, 1943, is a Sagittarius with four Gemini planets in the
public relationship sector of his birth chart. He has a judicial character, but also has
little tolerance for fools. Born with the rare Mars retrograde, he entered life with a
rage--a deep, inner need to overcome (the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. also had the
Mars retrograde). He has a strong sense of responsibility as well as feelings of caution
about his message. Over the last 18 months the planets have empowered him with core
strength. The long-term picture depicts him achieving his highest goals.
Our university's student association just arranged a deal to have free copies of
the New York Times, USA Today, and some other newspaper lying around for students to
take for free. At the last faculty association meeting, the Chancellor noted with
approval that the New York Times's seemed to be disappearing into student hands first.
But might not picking up USA Today have shown a greater appreciation for quality
journalism?
This reminded me that St. Augustine demolished the credibility of astrology about fifteen hundred years ago. In The Confessions he says about astrology:
Upon hearing and believing these things, told by one of such
credibility, all that my resistance gave way; and first I
endeavoured to reclaim Firminus himself from that curiosity, by
telling him that upon inspecting his constellations, I ought if I were
to predict truly, to have seen in them parents eminent among their
neighbours, a noble family in its own city, high birth, good
education, liberal learning. But if that servant had consulted me upon
the same constellations, since they were his also, I ought again (to
tell him too truly) to see in them a lineage the most abject, a
slavish condition, and every thing else utterly at variance with the
former. Whence then, if I spake the truth, I should, from the same
constellations, speak diversely, or if I spake the same, speak
falsely: thence it followed most certainly that whatever, upon
consideration of the constellations, was spoken truly, was spoken
not out of art, but chance; and whatever spoken falsely, was not out
of ignorance in the art, but the failure of the chance.
An opening thus made, ruminating with myself on the like things,
that no one of those dotards (who lived by such a trade, and whom I
longed to attack, and with derision to confute) might urge against
me that Firminus had informed me falsely, or his father him; I bent my
thoughts on those that are born twins, who for the most part come
out of the womb so near one to other, that the small interval (how
much force soever in the nature of things folk may pretend it to have)
cannot be noted by human observation, or be at all expressed in
those figures which the astrologer is to inspect, that he may
pronounce truly. Yet they cannot be true: for looking into the same
figures, he must have predicted the same of Esau and Jacob, whereas
the same happened not to them. Therefore he must speak falsely; or
if truly, then, looking into the same figures, he must not give the
same answer. Not by art, then, but by chance, would he speak truly.
For Thou, O Lord, most righteous Ruler of the Universe, while
consulters and consulted know it not, dost by Thy hidden inspiration
effect that the consulter should hear what, according to the hidden
deservings of souls, he ought to hear, out of the unsearchable depth
of Thy just judgment, to Whom let no man say, What is this? Why
that? Let him not so say, for he is man.
I was now almost persuaded that these
were but empty and ridiculous follies. Thereupon he told me that his
father had been very curious in such books, and had a friend as
earnest in them as himself, who with joint study and conference fanned
the flame of their affections to these toys, so that they would
observe the moments whereat the very dumb animals, which bred about
their houses, gave birth, and then observed the relative position of
the heavens, thereby to make fresh experiments in this so-called
art. He said then that he had heard of his father, that what time
his mother was about to give birth to him, Firminus, a woman-servant
of that friend of his father's was also with child, which could not
escape her master, who took care with most exact diligence to know the
births of his very puppies. And so it was that (the one for his
wife, and the other for his servant, with the most careful
observation, reckoning days, hours, nay, the lesser divisions of the
hours) both were delivered at the same instant; so that both were
constrained to allow the same constellations, even to the minutest
points, the one for his son, the other for his new-born slave. For
so soon as the women began to be in labour, they each gave notice to
the other what was fallen out in their houses, and had messengers
ready to send to one another so soon as they had notice of the
actual birth, of which they had easily provided, each in his own
province, to give instant intelligence. Thus then the messengers of
the respective parties met, he averred, at such an equal distance from
either house that neither of them could make out any difference in the
position of the stars, or any other minutest points; and yet Firminus,
born in a high estate in his parents' house, ran his course through
the gilded paths of life, was increased in riches, raised to
honours; whereas that slave continued to serve his masters, without
any relaxation of his yoke, as Firminus, who knew him, told me.
Augustine attacks astrology at greater length in The City of God. In Book V, chapter 6 he says
But even in the very conception of twins, which certainly occurs at the same moment in
the case of both, it often happens that the one is conceived a male, and the other a
female. I know two of different sexes who are twins. Both of them are alive, and in the
flower of their age; and though they resemble each other in body, as far as difference
of sex will permit, still they are Very different in the whole scope and purpose of
their lives (consideration being had of those differences which necessarily exist
between the lives of males and females) -- the one holding the office of a count, and
being almost constantly away from home with the army in foreign service, the other never
leaving her country's soil, or her native district. Still more -- and this is more
incredible, if the destinies of the stars are to be believed in, though it is not
wonderful if we consider the wills of men, and the free gifts of God -- he is married;
she is a sacred virgin: he has begotten a numerous offspring; she has never even
married.
This is another ancient example of experimental reasoning, something I posted about on
January 20.
[in full at 04.02.22a.htm . To return to Eric Rasmusen's weblog, click http://php.indiana.edu/~erasmuse/w/0.rasmusen.htm.